The polka-dot jersey, or maillot à pois rouges, is a white jersey with red spots that signifies the rider leading the king of the mountain's classification at the Tour de France – the best climber in the Tour, in theory, but typically overshadowed by the yellow jersey's climbing prowess.
Points are accumulated in the competition by riders individually and are awarded at the top of each categorised climb throughout the Tour. Climbs are ranked from .HC (Hors catégorie, a French term which is translated as exceptional category) to fourth category climbs. The categorisation of each climb is decided by race organisers prior to the race, and in general is based on the length and steepness of each ascent.
The king of the mountain's classification was first introduced at the 1933 Tour de France. This was 30 years after the first edition of the Tour and the 27th edition of the Tour de France. However, the polka-dot jersey wasn’t introduced as a signifier of the competition until 1975. The first rider to wear it was Joop Zoetemelk, though the winner of the classification that year was Lucien Van Impe. The overall winner of the Tour de France that year was Eddy Merckx, who came in second in the elusive polka dot points competition.
Prior to 1933, the ‘Meilleurs Grimpeurs’ (Best Climber) was awarded by L’Auto. An individual rider was selected by the newspaper which organised the Tour de France at the time. However, the winners of this competition are not official Tour de France classification winners as the award was not handed out by the Tour organisation, but it is the precursor of the modern-day king of the mountain's classification.
Most Successful Riders in the King of the Mountain's Classification
Richard Virenque (centre) in the polka-dot jersey at the 2004 Tour de France (Image credit: JOEL SAGET/AFP via Getty Images)
Richard Virenque has won the most king of the mountain's classifications in Tour de France history. The Frenchman won the competition seven times between 1994 and 2004, perhaps overshadowed by the subsequently erased achievements of a certain Texan...
Lucian Van Impe and the ‘Eagle of Toledo’, Federico Bahamontes, held the record before Virenque with six wins apiece.
1. Richard Virenque - 7
2. Lucien Van Impe - 6
2. Federico Bahamontes - 6
4. Julio Jiménez - 3
Eleven riders have won the king of the mountain's classification twice, including Eddy Merckx, Fausto Coppi, Charly Gaul, Rafał Majka and Tadej Pogačar. Pogačar is the most recent rider to claim a second polka-dot jersey — he won the jersey at the 2020 and 2021 Tours.
Recent King of the Mountain's Classification Winners
Richard Carapaz is the most recent winner of the king of the mountain's classification and in doing so was the first winner from Ecuador.
2024 - Richard Carapaz
2023 - Giulio Ciccone
2022 - Jonas Vingegaard
2021 - Tadej Pogačar
2020 - Tadej Pogačar
2019 - Romain Bardet
2018 - Julian Alaphilippe
2017 - Warren Barguil
2016 - Rafał Majka
2015 - Chris Froome
2014 - Rafał Majka
2013 - Nairo Quintana
2012 - Thomas Voeckler
2011 - Samuel Sanchez
When Vingegaard and Pogačar have won the polka dot jersey they have also won the overall classification and the yellow jersey. They are not the only rider to have won both the king of the mountain's and the general classification recently, Chris Froome achieved the feat for Team Sky in 2015. Nairo Quintana came also close in 2013 when he won the polka-dot jersey and was second in the GC. The GC and KOM jersey have been won by the same rider eleven times by eight different riders.
